XYZ Company

Introduction The effects of government policies on the functioning and a long-term plan of an enterprise are undisputable. The concept of free market economy is not devoid of a government mechanism that controls the operations from distance and in invisible ways. Government fiscal and monetary policies affect the operations of private organizations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on XYZ Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the one hand, government’s actions have a strong effect on a pricing policy, an expansion decision, and other operational decisions undertaken by a private enterprise (Agenor, Izquierdo Jensen, 2009). Policies related to antitrust laws, fiscal, and monetary policies affect private enterprises directly. On the other hand, policies related to environment, trade relations, and international policies affect private companies indirectly. The sportswear market is a dominant form, which h as to expand and embrace globalization in order to remain competitive in a highly monopolistic market. This paper discusses the fictitious sports apparel company XYZ and the effect that government policies have on its expansion plans and long term investment decisions. However, the paper will begin with a discussion of the development of an inelastic pricing policy. An Inelastic Pricing Policy: Rationale Inelastic pricing policy of a product is carried out in order to have inelastic demand for the product. The aim of the inelastic pricing is to have a profit maximizing sports apparel brand. Gaining profit-maximizing is traditionally defined as setting the range of prices, at which the marginal revenue of the product is zero. Profit maximizing will ensure inelastic prices for a corporation (McEacherm, 2011). For instance, the marginal cost of the brand and association of the brand with the sports celebrities will double the effect of the appeal of the product to the customers. This w ill ensure an inelastic demand for sports, because apparel is not bought simply for the sake of the product itself but for the association of the product with the game or the sports personality. Hence, the price that the consumers are willing to pay is not for the product but the association of marginal talent that is related to the product. Hence, the sports apparel brand has to associate itself with the top talents in the industry to ensure that their pricing can be inelastic, for the price is equated not with marginal cost for profit maximization, but with marginal talent of the sportsperson. Effect of Government Policies on Production and Employment The process of recovering from failure of capital projects is through regrouping. Apart of assembling, all the key people involved in the planning process have to be regrouped to assess the failures and loopholes in the planning process and do a proper diagnostic check. Usually what companies do is trying to reduce cost and losses by getting back on schedule at the earliest.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, this is a knee-jerking response to the problem, and in doing so, companies usually do not detect the real reason of failure. Therefore, the best option is to put in quality time to evaluate the issue and address it. Complete transparency in the operational process and the implementation process is necessary. Further accountability is also important. Maintaining a complete and thorough audit trial is essential for the companies to ensure proper documentation of the project process. In addition, as it has been mentioned above, the cessation of a company’s monopoly reduces unemployment rates considerably. By opening new opportunities or other enterprises within the target market, government will provide more people with the chances to get a job. Thus, the unemployment rates will plummet. Effect of Government Policies XYZ Company In a retrospect, the effects that government has had on the XYZ Company are rather impressive. To start with, it would be wrong to claim that governmental regulation of the company’s processes can be defined as solely negative. Quite on the contrary, it seems that the XYZ Company can reach equilibrium between the marginal revenue and marginal cost curves. More to the point, seeing how the XYZ Company is defined as a monopolistic one, as well as that the company operates within a monopolistic market, the introduction of governmental regulation allows for setting the prices for the company’s services that will be considerably higher than the aforementioned marginal cost, therefore, increasing the company’s profit. However, the effects that the governmental supervision has on the XYZ Company’s processes are rather diverse; particularly, the fact that the government will reduce the company’s control over market price should be mentioned. Once the XYZ Company is unable to earn higher profit and remain the monopolist for the provided services, it will have to address a number of issues, including the means to fight the competitors efficiently, come up with the new means of attracting target customers, search for resources and information faster than the rival companies, etc. The aforementioned operations will demand impressive amounts of money, which presupposes that the XYZ Company will have to cut on several costs, possibly including the inbound and outbound logistics (the choice of the resource transportation methods should be reconsidered), as well as the current methods of marketing.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on XYZ Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Is Government Regulation Needed for XYZ Company/Industry? The information provided above shows clearly that the XYZ Company does not actually need the interfe rence of the government into its organizational, financial and production processes; in fact, knowing quite little about the specifics of the company’s key mechanisms, as well as inside and outside factors that affect its operations, the government will most likely do more harm than it will improve the organization’s performance (Forrest Yip, 2011). This, therefore, begs the question whether the governmental regulation should actually be encouraged for SMEs in general and the XYZ Company in particular. Seeing how the intrusion of the government bodies into the course of the company has been quite negative so far, one might assume that the idea of allowing the governmental bodies interfere with the company’s policy are entirely negative. Indeed, the state authorities know little to nothing about the XYZ Company’s operational processes, marketing principles and organizational culture. Therefore, their effect on the company’s ability to earn supernor mal profit may be deplorable. In addition, it will be harder for the XYZ Company to remain monopolistic once the state authorities will take control over most of its processes. However, when considering the aforementioned changes closer, one will notice that the governmental influence allows the XYZ Company to gain better competitiveness. Fairness of Government Policy Government policies have a strong effect on stimulating market demand and expansion of the market for organizations, as well as production and employment in private sector. The evidence of the positive effect on public capital investment, infrastructure and other developmental work in the specified afield is evident – with an increase in public spending, there is an increase in resources as well as an increase in the productivity of the existing resources available to the private companies. For instance, a new highway joining the industrial belts allows trucks to transport goods faster. The reduction in the time taken by truck drivers to transport the products implies less damage to the trucks and greater productivity by means of reducing wage paid to the drivers by the producers. Hence, government spending on construction of a highway has a positive externality on the total cost of production of the private companies. Further, government spending on education, sewers, hospitalization, etc. helps in creating a more educated and healthy workforce that helps private companies to increase employment. In other words, public spending helps increase the employability of the working age population (OECD, 2012). Major Reasons for Government Involvement in a Market Economy The agency theory has tried to explain the issues between the divergent interests of management and shareholders. The issues may be solved by usage of the firm’s strategic behavior, finding a convergence between management structure and shareholder contract, and signing a new shareholder and manager contract. Some areas of friction between shareholders and managers are entry-exit barriers, organizational inertia, and an inefficient organization structure (McGuigan, Moyer, Harris, 2014).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the agency theory, one of the most prevalent methods of conversing the interests is through ESOPs (employee stock options). Stock options given to employees introduce managers to the rank of shareholders, and, hence, help managers maximize shareholders’ wealth. Another method presupposes the enforcement of a bonding mechanism in the company. Thus, managers are responsible for the bonds and are accountable for them. In both the cases, the aim is to enhance the degree of dependability between managers and shareholders. These methods will ensure greater reliability and understanding between the managers and the shareholders, whose interests will become linear, and, hence, will fetch greater profitability for the XYZ Company. Further, the convergence of interest theory suggests that the firm’s valuation will increase once the company will be guided by the government (Peng, 2009). Convergence between the Interests of Stockholders and Managers The overall study shows that the presence of government control and a panoptic system to monitor capitalist market economy is essential in order to work as a cushion that facilitates the working and/or recovery of the firm. Moreover, it also works as a monitoring agency that ensures ethical conduct. Government intervention has been found to be profitable to companies entering the global market. Inelastic pricing policy may be adopted by maximizing profit, but in case of sports goods brands, maximizing talents is necessary. Government intervention is essential for the functioning of the economy, for an open credit environment will delve the economy in an unprecedented recession. Further, the essay presents that inefficient planning is to be blamed for failure of capital projects. The only method to elevate the problem of management and shareholder conflict of interest is through establishing managerial shareholding through employee share ownership. Conclusion Capital projects essentially mean expansion by acqui ring a large sum of money or capital for long-term growth. Capital project usually run the risk of failure due to the primary cause of cost overrun. One of the causes of cost overrun is insufficient planning at the initial stage of the project implementation. Further inadequate and poor project controls can also cause problems in capital projects. Other issues may include delays in payment, an ineffective decision-making process, the lack of control over the processes, unavailability of skilled labor, etc. Usually, capital projects are not caused by a single problem, but rather are triggered by a blend of two or more issues. Many projects end up badly because they were unable to begin at the right pace. Further, unregistered, or defined cost resulted in company’s deviating from the schedule of the project. A poor calculation of the project budget and an untimely delivery of the results, as well as missing the deadlines, are the primary causes of project failures (Venkataraman Pinto, 2011). Reference List Agenor, P.-R., Izquierdo, A. Jensen, H. P. (2009). Adjustment policies, poverty, and unemployment. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Forrest, R. Yip, N. M. (2011). Housing markets and the global financial crisis: The uneven impact on households. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing McEacherm, W. A. (2011). Economics: A contemporary introduction. Stanford, CT: Cengage Learning. McGuigan, J. R., Moyer, R. C., Harris, F. H. deB. (2014). Managerial economics: applications, strategies and tactics (13th Ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. OECD (2012). OECD economic surveys: Slovak Republic 2012. Geneva, Switzerland: OECD Publishing. Peng, M. (2009). Global business 2009 update. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. Venkataraman, R. R. Pinto, J. K. (2011). Cost and value management in projects. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. This essay on XYZ Company was written and submitted by user MotherAskani to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. XYZ Company

In the summer of 1975 world-renowned director Steven Spielberg produced a film so frightening Essay Example

In the summer of 1975 world In the summer of 1975 world-renowned director Steven Spielberg produced a film so frightening Essay In the summer of 1975 world-renowned director Steven Spielberg produced a film so frightening Essay Essay Topic: Dracula Jaws In the summer of 1975 world-renowned director Steven Spielberg produced a film so frightening that still today 30 years after the film was first previewed, the infamous theme tune brings Goosebumps to viewers all over the planet. This now legendary movie tapped into the most primal of human fears, the fear of what lurks below the dark surface of water. Jaws now known as the mother of all summer blockbusters uses many iconic images to create tension, in this essay I shall analyse the first four scenes of the movie paying careful attention to imagery, pace of tension and iconic references In the very first scene, Spielberg uses a black background. This mise-en -scene is used to target the fear, within humans of being unable to se your attacker. To connote further Spielberg could have used the black mise-en-scene to hint at the weakness of the viewer in that situation, alone in the dark and vulnerability. Diegetic noises can be heard, the sound of bubbles and swift water movement. Spielberg used this to add tension; he used the sea noises to remind the viewer of the fact they are in danger. The sea in inhabitable for humans and so whatever is in the water is not humanly natural; this plants an enigma into the audiences minds. What kind of monster swims in the pitch black? Spielberg uses a swimming motion with the camera; this gives the audience the impression of searching. The camera manages to move fast but with a certain amount of grace, this is an example of intertextuality as this kind of camera movement known as sweeping was used in earlier horror movies such as count Dracula and Frankenstein Spielberg uses iconography to show that whatever is swimming is just as frighteningly in control as the vampires and monsters from the earlier films. The music starts with a low violin sweeping, until gradually other instruments get involved. Here Spielberg is using the music to increase the tension. As the music speeds up it mimics a heart beat pumping faster and faster, as if running or in fear of something. However the music leads you to an anticlimax and it becomes deathly quiet and calm In the second scene a harmonica can be heard. The camera begins to pann the view of the beach it stops at a long shot then zooms in gradually you are lead into a beach side party. People are drinking and smoking around a bonfire. Here Spielberg twists the stereotype of fire within horror films. Instead of the fire being scary, out of control and dangerous Spielberg makes it look safe and relaxing. By having the people drinking and smoking Spielberg is adding irony; this is because as a viewer we are aware that no good comes out of teenage drinking within horror movies. The camera uses a mid-shot whilst it searches amongst the people trying to find its victim. This echos the first footage of the monster The victim turns out to be a young blonde teenage girl, quintessentially a must in any horror film. The camera shot is then changes to a close-up of the young couple running across a sand dune into the darkness of the night. The camera seems to follow or even stalk the victims as they descend further and further away from the light of fire and the safety of number. A mid-shot of the male stumbling drunkenly across the dunes calling to the female asking her where they are going is used to enhance the isolation of them. The young girl replies to his query with a high-pitched swimming The fact she has stressed this word reminds the audience of their prior knowledge of something evil in the waters. By this point tension is beginning to mount. The young blonde dives into the water naked. I can connote two facts that are relevant with this scene. Number one is that the girls dive is perfect showing the audience that however dumb and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve the picture has painted her, she is skilled in water an able swimmer. The second is the fact that the female is naked, this not only used to add vulnerability but to also add tension. The view from underneath the girl is a low angle long shot, the fact she is alone is mimicked by the starless sky and darkness of the night. As the motif begins to play, you know something terrible is about to happen. There is a close up on the girls face; Suddenly the girl is pulled underwater screaming and crying. The film then cuts to the male who ironically is sleeping peacefully on the safety of dry land; the first light of dawn is beginning to break in the background birds can faintly be heard The young woman is eventually dragged underwater. The shot is a mid-shot of the dark sea looking calm and still. Diegetic noises can be heard. Here Spielberg is using irony once more, as only the viewers really know what has just gone on beneath those deathly still waters. At this point the audience are still left with the enigma of what the monster is. By scene three first light has broken through the clouds. It is now daytime. There is a close-up of a males face peering out of his window onto the ironically still seas. Soft lighting is used on the womans face this makes her look soft and pretty, the home is bright and airy. A child runs into the kitchen claiming to have been bitten by a vampire Here once again dramatic irony comes into play as only the viewer know about the vampire like movements of the monster in the first few scenes of the movie. A phone is heard ringing in the background, the husband rushes to pick up one of the two phones that are fitted upon the wall. Unfortunately he picks up the wrong phone and the line is dead, by using the stereotypical Horror movie hoax call Spielberg is referring to iconic movies such as psycho. The man picks up the other phone and proceeds in having a conversation with the person on the other line; this leaves the audience with a mystery. Who was the husband talking to? The husband then stands up and sets off to work. In the background one or the children is heard asking to go swimming, this mimics the high-pitched innocence of the young girls voice and reminds the viewer of the nature of the film. As the Husband drives away from his idyllic home, his wife is heard telling him to be careful. He then drives off at a safe speed. Of course by this point as a viewer you are aware that something is going to happen to ruin this perfect family. Scene four begins with non-Diegetic noise a radio can be heard playing but no radio is within view at this point. There is a long shot of a billboard that ironically features a blonde haired girl who is strikingly similar to the young girl that has just been killed. This is Spielberg once again using dramatic irony as only the audience know about the death of the young girl. Suddenly the car stops, and a mad come into mid-shot crying and blowing his whistle. The mise-en-scene is that of a rough ocean possibly signifying turmoil below the waters. The camera shot then changes to that of a close up. Gulls and other sea side Diegetic noises can be heard, the view is that of a mutilated hand. The fact Spielberg does not show more of the mutilated body gives the Audience an enigma. The men struggled to hold down vomit, the man who originally found The body has saliva dribbling down his face showing pure shock horror. All in all I believe Spielberg used many useful iconic images to help him create the ultimate summer horror film of all time. But at the same time created many iconic images of his own, Such as the eerie jaws jaws motif. People from all ages can hear the tune and feel Goosebumps surging from there skin as the horror sets in.