Of Mice And Men - Hopes And Dreams Essays - English-language Films

Of Mice And Men - Hopes And Dreams ofmiceandmenthesis Expectations and dreams are both the fuel and fire in Of Mice and Men. Stienbeck utilizes these to thicken the plot and make the peruser bring enormous enthusiasm into the character's results. George and Lennie have a fantasy. ?Someday?we're going to get the jack together and we're going to have a little house and a few sections of land an' a dairy animals and a few pigs.? [George, p. 15] Being humble farm hands, they long for a superior life, where they don't work for anybody yet themselves. George, the a lot more intelligent one of the two, is very idealistic about it. It appears that he has just conversed with somebody about purchasing their property. Lennie, the intellectually hindered animal, is childly entertained of the fantasy. He adores delicate things, and contacting them; and when George recounts the hares they will have on the ranch, Lennie shudders in bliss. Candy is an a lot more seasoned man, who has lost his hand. He isn't worth as a lot to the farm's boss as different men, so he fears joblessness. He also dreams of a superior life. At some point, in the bunkhouse, he catches George and Lennie discussing their tentative arrangements. ?You realize a spot like that [Candy, p. 59] George quickly becomes dubious of the man, guarding the arrangement. Candy clarifies that he hasn't a lot of time left before he's ?canned' and he has no spot to go. Candy offers an enormous aggregate of cash to the two, and requests that lone live there until he bites the dust. George acknowledges and Candy is appreciative. ?Went out to the Riverside Dance Palace his this person. He said he worked for the pitchers, he said I was a characteristic, he was going to placed me in a film? [Curly's significant other, p. 89] Curly's better half, the image of allurement in the novel, has dreams of her own. She needed gravely to turn into an entertainer, or work in the big time. In any case, in view of a pitiless mother, she never met those fantasies. Rather, she wedded Curly, who is a possessive pretty kid, and she is miserable. Expectations and dreams fill in as the fundamental plot. With the forlornness of the setting and circumstance of the characters in the story, the fantasies are very down to earth and possible. Reference index Of Mice and Men, John Stienbeck

Health And Safety Management Systems Construction Essay Example For Students

Wellbeing And Safety Management Systems Construction Essay An Occupational Health and Safety Management System ( OHSMS ) might be characterized as a progression of techniques which give a model, for pull offing word related wellbeing and security ( OHS ) obligations with the goal that they become increasingly proficient and progressively join into generally speaking concern tasks, around which great open introduction can be built up and kept up and which will back up the improvement of a wellbeing human progress. ( International Labor Organization ( ILO ) - British Standards Institution ( BSI ) Joint-Definition ) The central motivation behind the OHSM is to design steps to order and smother the likeliness of risks in the work environment and advance a sheltered workplace. Outline1 .1 Management committedness2 Management committedness and representative engagement3 .2 Health and Safety policy4 Health exposure in the workplace5 Workplace wellbeing6 Safety endeavors and responsisbilities7 Health and Safety review and Performance reappraisal8 Safety civilization9 2.2 Health and Safety civilization10 Training for health and safety11 2.10 Health surveillance12 Health and Safety Committee13 2.5 Health and security plans .1 Management committedness A useful course tends to all business related risks and representatives open help establishments and non only those specified by Torahs. There is an interest for bearing to do the wellbeing and security of laborers a priority. It is vital that there be solid heading committedness and solid specialist commitment in the endeavor to make and keep a protected and sound work environment. In every work environment, the lines of obligation through and through interest all things considered, and laborers ought to cognize who is liable for various wellbeing and security issues. The board is mindful that the organization has the suitable arrangements, programs in topographic point to ensure a sound and safe working environment. The executives committedness and representative commitment Charles reese ( mishap ) Management committedness and representative are correlative. The executives committedness gives the impelling power and the assets for framing and ordering exercises inside an association. Representative commitment gives the offices through which laborers create or potentially demonstrate their ain committedness to wellbeing and health insurance, for themselves and for their kindred specialists. Security and health finishes and points are other than included to help you in set uping work environment closures and points that exhibit your organization s committedness to wellbeing. .2 Health and Safety arrangement It is the obligation of course to accommodate the wellbeing and security of its work power. Obviously created and brief arrangements set the path for the organization by pass oning bearing s finishes and points. A decent wellbeing and security strategy request to be: 1. Explicit to the organization and suitable to its size and nature of plants ; 2. Plainly composed in order to instruct laborers, customers, suppliers and general masses about the wellbeing and security approach of the organization ; 3. Explicit about the obligation and answerability of chiefs and administrators at all degrees ; 4. Effectively conveyed to all workers ; and 3. Evaluated on a standard balance to ensure go oning supportability. The best health and security strategies adjust wellbeing and wellbeing to HR course as representatives are the cardinal asset of an association. ( HSE Successful Health and Safety Management HS ( G ) HMSO 1997 ) The OSH strategy ought to incorporate, as a lower limit, the accompanying cardinal guidelines and expects to which the association is submitted: 1. ensuring the security and wellbeing of all individuals from the association by preventing business related damages, debilitated health, illnesses and episodes ; 2. following with applicable OSH national Torahs and statutes, deliberate projects, corporate understandings on OSH and different requests to which the association buys in ; 3. guaranting that laborers and their agents are counseled and urged to partake effectively in all components of the OSH course framework ; and .u9ea39f35d923e3bd9eae5f70705050ec , .u9ea39f35d923e3bd9eae5f70705050ec .postImageUrl , .u9ea39f35d923e3bd9eae5f70705050ec .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u9ea39f35d923e3bd9eae5f70705050ec , .u9ea39f35d923e3bd9eae5f70705050ec:hover , .u9ea39f35d923e3bd9eae5f70705050ec:visited , .u9ea39f35d923e3bd9eae5f70705050ec:active { border:0!important; } .u9ea39f35d923e3bd9eae5f70705050ec .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u9ea39f35d923e3bd9eae5f70705050ec { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u9ea39f35d923e3bd9eae5f70705050ec:active , .u9ea39f35d923e3bd9eae5f70705050ec:hover { obscurity: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u9ea39f35d923e3bd9eae5f70705050ec .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u9ea39f35d923e3bd9eae5f70705050ec .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .u9ea39f35d923e3bd9eae5f70705050ec .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u9ea39f35d923e3bd9eae5f70705050ec .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9ea39f35d923e3bd9eae5f70705050ec:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u9ea39f35d923e3bd9eae5 f70705050ec .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u9ea39f35d923e3bd9eae5f70705050ec-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u9ea39f35d923e3bd9eae5f70705050ec:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Nuke The Bastards! A Satire Essay4. ceaselessly bettering the open introduction of the OSH bearing framework. ( ILO Guidelines on the Occupational Health and Safety Management System 2001 ) Wellbeing exposure in the working environment This supplements word related wellbeing and security steps to better the prosperity of laborers at the working environment. Working environment prosperity Blending to ILO, it identifies with all features of working life, from the quality and wellbeing of the physical condition, to how laborers feel about their work, their hands on condition, the clime at work and work organization. Laborers great being is straight identified with the productiveness of the organization. The higher the laborers great being, the higher will be the productiveness of the organistion. Security endeavors and responsisbilities Wellbeing and Safety review and Performance reappraisal Wellbeing and Safety review and open introduction reappraisal are the finishing up stairss in the health and security heading. Security human progress 2.2 Health and Safety human progress So as to grow great health and wellbeing designs, a great wellbeing and security human advancement is required busy working. Bosses need to incorporate health and wellbeing designs in their twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours running of the worry. Fruitful word related wellbeing and security designs requires the coaction and commitment of the two businesses/proprietors or bearing and workers in health and wellbeing projects, and it includes the thought of issues partner to word related clinical claim to fame, mechanical cleanliness, toxicology, guidance, innovation wellbeing, biotechnologies, mental science, and so on. The two laborers and bosses have a legitimate obligation to take care of wellbeing and security at cooperate. Laborers who add to wellbeing and security at work, are more secure and more advantageous than the individuals who do non. Building and keep a wellbeing and security human advancement include the utilization of every single accessible office to expand awareness, cognizance and misgiving of the develops of dangers and perils and how they might be forestalled or controlled. The wellbeing progress of an association is the product of single and gathering esteems, perspectives, perceptual encounters, abilities and types of conduct that decide the committedness to, and the way and capability of, an organization s health and security heading. Effective Health and Safety Management by HSE ( second version ) , pg 22 Preparing for health and wellbeing Preparing implies instructing individuals on what ought to be done and non, how it ought to be done and when it ought to be finished. In light of an investigation did by ILO, laborers much of the time experience business related health employments however do non perceive that the occupations are identified with their work, particularly when a word related illness, for outline, is in the early stages. Thus, there is an interest to create laborers on safe way to make the occupation, perils related with the work and how to stifle or order them. It is other than of import to create laborers how to react in occurrence of exigencies, similar to a fire emission. Preparing on first help is other than of import. Preparing can be led at various degrees: 1. during inception class for new representatives where they can be instructed on the most proficient method to work securely what's more about the perils and risks related with the occupations, how to douse or order them. 2. Preparing can be sorted out for bearing and Supervisors with the goal that they comprehend what are the dangers these days in the work environment and this enabl

Laboratory , Engineering Design Practice Example

Laboratory , Engineering Design Practice Example Laboratory , Engineering Design Practice â€" Assignment Example > AbstractCalorimetry is the measure of the heat evolved during a chemical process or heat required to sustain a chemical process. Calorimeter is a device used to measure the heat in a quantitative manner within control conditions. The same principle is applied in cone calorimeter. Cone calorimeter is an important laboratory device used to measure the characteristics of fire of small samples of various materials. Cone calorimeter measures the various aspects of combustion of substances utilising the principle of oxygen combustion calorimetry. Cone calorimeter has been specifically made to use the oxygen consumption calorimetry principle. (Mouritz, A. Gibson, 2007). The most important element in any combustion is the availability of oxygen. The overall heat produced during the combustion of an organic material has a direct correlation to the quantitative aspect of oxygen. There are various basic aspects of heat that provide much information when doing experiments concerning heat. Hea t capacity can be quantified in terms of molar heat capacity which is the heat capacity of a particular compound divided by the number of moles of that compound. Another quantitative aspect of heat capacity is specific heat which is the heat of an element divided by its mass. It is also important to note that heat capacity of any substance always has a positive value. Other aspects of fire and combustion in general that need consideration when working with a cone calorimeter include: the cumulative quantity of heat released, the rate of heat released per unit area, the time of ignition, the effective heat of the combustion, the total loss of mass, the rate of the loss of the mass and the smoke obstruction. These are important aspects during an experiment because they may lead to variable results for the same material if at all they are not considered during the experiment. (Taylor and Francis, 2006). IntroductionThe cone calorimeter works by measuring the heat produced by a sample burned in a closed oxygen atmosphere, enclosed by water and in control experimental conditions. The basic principle behind the functioning of cone calorimeter still remains the same. The instrument is made from the understanding of the engineering aspects of fire. Aim of the ExperimentThe aim of the experiment is familiarization of the operations of the cone calorimeter by using it to quantitatively analyse various samples. The samples include blue carpets, green carpets and experiments on various underlay. Objective of the experimentThe objective of the experiment is to analyse the various properties of fire which include: the cumulative quantity of heat released, the rate of heat released per unit area, the time of ignition, the effective heat of the combustion, the total loss of mass, the rate of the loss of the mass and the smoke obstruction. The blue carpets, the green carpets and the underlay will both be analysed by doing each of the experiments three times in order to find a more reliable average of the results. BackgroundThe cone calorimeter has been used for many years for the analysis of combustion properties of various substances; therefore the results from the experiment should be able to provide a credible source of information about the different substances. (Haines, B. 2006).

Tda 3.1 Understand the Principles of Developing Positive...

1. Understand the principles of developing positive relationships with children, young people and adults. 1:1 It is important to build positive relationships with children, young people and adults not just within a learning environment but within any social setting, as this forms strong interactive social skills throughout their lives. Children will build from the skills we show them because as adults we are their role models. You should always take into account how you approach someone and respond to them as this will determine how they respond to you. Everyone must be given opportunities to establish trust and to feel at ease. There is an old saying â€Å"Think before we speak† Children are social learners and adults working with†¦show more content†¦With young children make sure you lower yourself to there level and not to tower above them as this will make them feel intimidated. You need to give children the opportunity to express themselves and share their ideas Give them your full attention, by making eye contact you are showing you are actively listening and are interested in what they are saying. Sometimes this may mean you need to find a quiet space with no distractions. In my role as a teaching assistant I am in some instances the first point of contact for the pupils or parents so therefore I would need to show strong effective communication. To be able to effectively communicate with children you need to be aware of there age and level of development and adapt yourself where necessary. 2:2 In order to build positive relationships with children and young people, you will need to take into consideration their age, behaviours and cultures and therefore adapt your communication skills and body language accordingly. It is important that children of all age feel safe and secure. With younger children say at nursery they may require more physical contact as their speaking skills will not be as strong whereas an older child will have developed their speaking skills and will be able to talk through and express their issues however with all children we adapt our vocabulary, show a positive approach and response. As a Teaching Assistant, on a daily basis I have toShow MoreRelatedCommunication and Professional Relationships with Children, Young People, and Adults891 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication and Professional Relationships: One of the most important roles of teachers is helping children to develop positive relationships with others. For children, this process involves learning cognitive skills while at school and learning how to work and play in collaboration with others. In order for teachers to pass skills on communication and professional relationships with children, young people, and adults; they should be good role models. This involves demonstrating an understandingRead MoreTDA 3.2 organisation in schools Essay3183 Words   |  13 PagesF/601/3327 TDA 3.1 Communication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults Knowledge skill 3 2 2 A/601/3326 TDA 3.2 Schools as organisations Knowledge 3 3 3 F/601/4073 TDA 3.3 Support learning activities Knowledge skill 3 4 4 A/601/4069 TDA 3.4 Promote children and young people’s positive behaviour Knowledge skill 3 3 5 H/601/4065 TDA 3.5 Develop professional relationships with children, young people and adults Read MoreTda 3.1 Communication and Professional Relationships with Children, Young People and Adults1934 Words   |  8 Pages DSTL3 TDA 3.1 Communication and Professional relationships with children, young people amp; adults 1 Explain why effective communication is important in developing positive relationships with children, young people and adults. 1.1 It is important to adapt communication to include all children. In my class the children are always greeted with a smile, good morning and how are you today. Some of the children have news to tell youRead MoreCashe Level 2 Essay example18123 Words   |  73 PagesCACHE Qualification Specification CACHE Level 2 Certificate for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF) CACHE Level 2 Certificate for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF)  © CACHE 2011 Except as allowed by law, or where specified in the text, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission from the Council for Awards in Care, Health and Education. CACHE has provided this Qualification Specification in MicrosoftRead MoreChildcare: Education and Subject Code Essay43120 Words   |  173 Pagestherefore able to offer a comprehensive ladder of opportunities to centres and their students, including Skills for Life, Foundation Learning or Vocational programmes and progressing to QAA-recognised Access to H.E qualifications. The flexible and adult-friendly ethos of Ascentis has resulted in centres throughout the UK choosing to run its qualifications. Ascentis Contact Details Ascentis Office 4, Lancaster Business Park Mannin Way, Caton Road Lancaster LA1 3SW Tel: 01524 845046 www.ascentisRead MoreTda 3.1 Communcation Essay2417 Words   |  10 PagesTDA 3.1: Communication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults. 1. 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Zoe Abson Children and young people 1.1 Describe how to establish respectful, professional relationships with children any young people To establish and maintain a respectful and professional relationship with children and young people in setting the Teaching assistant must always put the children first, never appear bored or uninterested, always encourage children and never make them feel likeRead MoreCommunication and Young People2956 Words   |  12 PagesCommunication and Professional Relationships with Children, Young People and Adults Study Pack Effective Communication and Professional Relationships with Children, Young People and Adults Study Pack 2011 Michelle Canning CACHE PIN: 30134483 CACHE No: 502.000 2011 Michelle Canning CACHE PIN: 30134483 CACHE No: 502.000 TDA 3.1 Communication and professional relationship with children, young people and adults. This pack has been produced to help people in a support role, raise awarenessRead MoreTda 3.1 Communication Professional Relationships3788 Words   |  16 PagesTDA 3.1 Communication Professional relationships with children, young people adults http://earlyyearscpd.lunsvle.co.uk/theme/image.php/eycpd/theme/1358873883/bxslider/eycpdimg-02 BY EMMA BAKER Children Young People - Core 3.1 – Communication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults. Understand the principles of developing positive relationships with children, young people and adults. Explain why effective communication is important in developing positiveRead MoreEssay on Tda 2.42734 Words   |  11 PagesTDA 2.4 Equality and diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people. 1.1. Identify the current legislation and codes of practice relevant to the promotion of equality and valuing of diversity. 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Issues In Mexico Essay - 1567 Words

emerges in the world. â€Å"Mexico has a $1.26 trillion economy, making it the 13th largest economy in the world, and the 11th taking into account power purchasing parity† (Wikipedia). Mexico is a great trader with the United States as it shares borders, culture, money being sent from immigrants to their families, and its heavily exportation of oil to our nation. Yet, there are many other countries that are willing to make investments with Mexico, looking for opportunity to grow for themselves. Although Mexico has been showing to be one of the largest growing nations it has also faced and is still facing today economic issues. â€Å"In spite of its growth, there are enormous gaps in Mexico that remain between the urban and the rural population, the†¦show more content†¦Mexico is currently our 3rd largest goods trading partner recorded in 2016. Goods exports totaled $231.0 billion; goods imports totaled $294.2 billion. The U.S. goods trade deficit with Mexico was $63. 2 billion in 2016† (Office of the U.S Trade Representative). Thanks to its membership of the North American Free Trade Association known as NAFTA, Mexico has been able to become one of the United States’ largest trade partners. It exports mostly manufactured goods, industrial goods, and automobiles. It has a positive trade balance with the United States, and consequently, it has become one of the largest holders of U.S. treasury bonds. In addition, Mexico produces about 200 products with revealed comparative advantage, meaning that its share of global exports is larger than what would be expected from the size of its export economy and from the size of a product’s global market. One thing that Mexico has always had has been corruption. Social inequality plays an important role on it. Referring to dishonesty and an inability or unwillingness to seriously take on the drug cartels. 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Illegal immigration into the United States is a problem that should be stopped, as it is unfair to both Americans and to the people of the country from which they illegal immigrated. It is that the majority of illegal aliens residing in the United States are Mexicans. Roy Beck clarifies the situation by stating, The national consensus is that theRead MoreMexico Mask Essay1422 Words   |  6 PagesMexico Mask Foreign cultures, when compared to our own, often contain significant themes that make the culture interesting and meaningful. The people and history of Mexico present such a culture. Three major themes of Mexico and the Mexican people include duality, fatalism, and masks. These three issues are prevalent throughout the culture and history of the nation. They are represented and mentioned in two descriptive texts and a film. 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One of the dilemmas facing lease-to-own chain isRead MoreEssay on Analysis of the American Civil War900 Words   |  4 PagesFinal Civil War Essay Analysis Slavery was the most important cause of the Civil War, because this single issue divided the North and South to begin with. The ideological differences between the North and South led to economic differences, conflicts over newly acquired territories, disputes over the constitution, and political extremism. The Election of 1860 was the culmination of these disputes and caused the South to secede in 1861 and guided the way towards the Civil War. The Northern states

Commission in the European Union Free Essays

As a staff member of the Directorate-General of the European Commission I have been appointed to describe to you the composition and the powers of the Commission in the European Union. In the following paragraph I will describe the body of the Commission divided in three pillars: First you have the College of the Commissioners, then the Directorate-General (DGs) and lastly the cabinets. In the Third paragraph I will briefly describe the powers of the Commission and in the last paragraph I will conclude with an opinion on the question, as to how far I consider the European Commission to have â€Å"a vocation to further the interests of the community as a whole†. We will write a custom essay sample on Commission in the European Union or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Commission consists of twenty-seven Commissioners, one for each Member State including the President of the Commission and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security. The Commissioners are responsible for the work of the commission stated in Art. 17 of the TEU, and are therefore not allowed to have any other duties during their period of office that could bring about any conflict of interest. If a Commissioner fails to do so, the Court of Justice may retire the member concerned on application of the Commission or the Council acting on a simple majority. The exception to this rule is, the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy who is a member of the Commission responsible for the conduct of the EU Common Foreign and Security Policy and its security and defense policy but also takes part in the work of the EC, presides over the Foreign affairs Council and carries out mandates of the Council. The High representative is appointed by QMV with agreement of the President of the Commission, and may be dismissed the same way. The president of the Commission is proposed to the European Parliament by the European Council acting by a qualified majority, and is elected in the European Parliament. The president is the most powerful Commissioner and has several important roles: he/she adopts the list of the persons whom it proposes to appoint as members of the Commission, lays the guidelines in which the Commission is to work, decides the internal organization of the commission making sure it works as a body, appoints the Vice-Presidents from among the members of the Commission (other than the High Representative), he can resign Commissioners since they are individually responsible to him. Finally the President has an important role as representative. He represents the Commission at meetings involving the heads of Government and must account to other institutions when there is questioning of the general conduct of the institution or a particular issue raises broader questions. In the current Commission, there are forty Directorates-General (DGs) divided into four groups: policies, external relations, general services and internal services. The majority of the Commission employees work for the DGs. DGs in the Commission are compared to Ministers in a national government. Even though DGs’ work for Commissioners their responsibilities are to the Commission. The work inside the DG focuses on the development of programmes, administration of Community funding and bringing different public and private actors together. You can see the Cabinet as being between the College of Commissioners, representing the political part of the Commission, and the DGs representing the administrative part of the Commission. A Cabinet is composed of seven to eight officials and is appointed by the President. Each Cabinet is the office of a Commissioner and is a line between Commissioners and DGs allowing cooperation between them and helping Commissioner with formulating priorities and policies. They keep Commissioners informed of other happenings in the Commission and help prepare weekly meetings for the College of Commissioners in combination with other Cabinets The powers of the Commission can be broadly explained and interpreted, but the main points can be narrowed down to four specific points: legislative powers, agenda and budget planning, executive powers and supervisory powers. Legislative power as to making sure that the rules in Treaties are being complied with and determining how EU nationals may stay in other States after they have worked there. The Commission is also responsible the budget planning for each year and the making of the agenda. The Commission has executive powers responsible for collecting the revenue for the EU, coordinating the spending of the EU and administering the EU aid to third countries. The Commission has supervisory powers to monitor the compliance of the Member States to the rules of the Union. Does the Commission have â€Å"a vocation to further the interest of the Community as a whole? † I believe it does, by looking at its responsibilities in the Union itself proves this. And if you look at the statement made by the Court of Justice where it says that â€Å"Commissioners are required to ensure that the general interest of the European Union precedes at all times over national and personal interest†. In which I understand that a Commissions’ work should be emphasized on the whole Community (EU) instead of just one State Member. How to cite Commission in the European Union, Essay examples

Effect of Money and Other Rewards in Organization

Question: Discuss about theEffect of Money and Other Rewards in Organization. Answer: Introduction Rewards are one of the most effective options in motivating employees for their potential work in the organization (Aktar, Sachu and Ali 2012). Moreover, a motivated employee is a valuable asset for organizations. However, it just does not include only monetary benefits, it rather include some other non-financial benefits. Moreover, rewards that are required to motivate employee include two types of benefits such as intrinsic and the extrinsic (Aktar, Sachu and Ali 2012). Further, extrinsic benefits include basic salary package of the employee whereas intrinsic benefits include all the internal recognition given to an employee. Moreover, intrinsic reward may include internal recognition on some achievement, encouraging thoughts sharing with employees, distribution of awards for different achievements (Fang, Gerhart and Ledford Jr 2013). Nevertheless, these monetary and non-financial benefits can never guarantee of producing a flawless output from employees. Moreover, some employees a re not motivated for these monetary and non-financial benefits, as they tend to be in a state of stagnancy. In the present time, the organizational realities of the past do not find its existence across the globe. Moreover, the fundamental of organizational behaviour have taken a drastic shifting to the monetary benefits (Aktar, Sachu and Ali 2012). It is an undeniable fact that majority of employees have their prime target set on the monetary benefits. They always look for a better salary offering. Moreover, a better salary offering creates a sense of importance in them towards the organization. However, once they step into the organization, the reality of their image appears in their performance. They tend to perform just for the sake of meeting with the set targets to avoid any sort of hampering to their monthly salary. However, few employees are there who have dedicated their effort in fulfilling the desire of the Company with no significant concern for the monetary benefits. Moreover, there primary target is to achieve the desired mission and vision of the organization. However, they are in rare number and the competition picture in the market very well illustrates the findings. In a particular segment of the market, there are only few notable giant companies. Further, not all the companies are performing at an equivalent level. The outright performance of some notable companies in the Smartphone sector clearly illustrates the findings. Various companies are offering Smartphones but only fey have notable position in the market. Nonetheless, IPhone, Samsung, Sony, LG, Motorola, HTC, Lenovo, and Nokia are the few names in this context. However, there are thousands of companies, which are manufacturing Smartphones but they have not succeeded in leaving any significant impression on the customers (Aguinis, Joo and Gottfredson 2013). Those who are leading companies, their employees have their primary target set on achieving the goal. Moreover, a quick scuffling of employees from one company to another does hamper the project and the objective of the organization (Eslami and Gharakhani 2012). However, it is not a deniable point that big companies such as Apple, Samsung and many more have lesser rate of attrition in their organization. It is an undeniable fact that effectiveness of skilled employees is likely to be affected if they are not motivated for their performance (Young, Beckman and Baker 2012). In this context, the Theory of Expectancy suggests that employees need to be motivated when they perceive the linkage of their performance with the monetary and the non-financial rewards (Aktar, Sachu and Ali 2012). The Contingency Theory suggests that conflicts are inescapable, but it is manageable (Rajhans 2012). Nevertheless, this theory support the fact that conflicts in the organization in between the management and the employees for any valuable reason are unstoppable, it is rather bound to happen. Moreover, The Contingency Theory highlights one of the most basic problems, which an organization could face. However, the Theory of Expectancy tries to provide some effective solution from the organizational problem such as rewarding employees on their performance. There are some issues at the work place, which are conflicting with the fundamentals of organizational behaviours such as Employee issues, team problem and many more (Rajhans 2012). Nevertheless, rewarding employees on their performance by means of different intrinsic and extrinsic benefits has its relation with one of the issues highlighted in the organizational context (Aktar, Sachu and Ali 2012). However, unfair behaviour in distributing incentives to the employees might hamper the entire team by encouraging them for a conflict in between the employees and the management (Dobre 2013). Having conversation with such employees might also not produce the desired objective as employees are sometime very confined and hesitate to reveal their inner truth in front of the management. Further, this indeed is not a very healthy move in favour of both the employee and its existing organization. However, the risen issues can be managed with some alternative ways and in this regard; rewarding e mployees for their performance represent the alternative step of the organization (Rajhans 2012). There are some other non-financial benefits, which might uplift the lost morale of employees such as rewarding them on their achievement with some congratulatory words, circulating a mail inside the organization for congratulating the identified achievement (Agwu 2013). However, this also has few limitations as different employees have different perception for benefits. To some the monetary benefit is everything but some are also there to whom the recognition in the organization matter the most. Nevertheless, all the monetary and the non-financial benefits can never guarantee of a motivated approach from employees (Erbasi and Arat 2012). Moreover, theses are important ways, which organization can opt for incepting motivation into employees. However, these are not the ultimate options for incepting motivation into employees. Examples of numerous Smartphone companies who are yet to prove their significant position in the market, do well illustrates the truth of financial and non-financ ial benefits in organizations. The potentiality of monetary benefits such as incentive has proved its supremacy in bringing the changes in physical output of many companies (Chiang and Birtch 2012). However, to identify the right person to reward with the incentives is of utmost requirement. Statistics on employees performance might vary with the real picture inside the organization as some employees have potential in them to prove their calibre but not aware of ways to explore the same (Newman and Sheikh 2012). Moreover, to identify the deserving employee for the monetary benefits is of utmost importance for an organizational success. It is indeed very tough to identify those potential employees and find the best suitable ways to motivate them. Further, incentives are given on performance basis and those employees are yet to deliver their productivity. This is a challenging task for the management to find out the best possible solution to reward unidentified potential employees and fetch the potential contributio n from them (Byron and Khazanchi 2012). A recent example on the output of the incentive payment to the employees very well justify the fact that monetary benefits can never alone motivate employees for their responsibilities. In California and New Jersey, 38 customers visited to the 27 Sears repair shops, which produced 34 cases of unnecessary repairs. Moreover, the chairperson of the Sears stated that the incentives and sales goal oriented programs developed such an environment, which gave birth to mistakes. Moreover, it resulted in such a huge fault repairing service given to customers. The repair shop employees have been awarded with incentives for producing strong repairs to customers. As a result, for the instance, the chairperson of the Sears Company changed its incentive modes to the quality employees. Moreover, from now onwards, only the quality works would attract the defined incentives. The fact that incentives and bonuses work for the managers in the organization does not necessarily hold true in case of its emp loyees (Choi, Cheong and Feinberg 2012). Moreover, managers are very much aware of their task whereas employees because of their negligence for various reasons are not often close to the objective of the project. Various reasons that compel employees for their negligence behaviour in organization can be anything such as insufficient salary packages, no bonuses and other non-financial rewards (Malik, Butt and Choi 2015). Financial incentives play a significant role in motivating employees across organizations. However, relying heavily on the incentive program is not a safe and productive plan (Datta 2012). The heavily reliance on the money incentives given to employees may also lead to a consequence, which the Company had never imagined. The example of Google Company in this context is very valuable, which represents a clear picture about the correct execution of the motivational program. The Google Company is no longer distributing founder awards; they are rather confined to some executive awards. Designing the correct program for the incentives distribution is of utmost requirement (Cho and Perry 2012). Many small organizations do not have a plan to implement the incentive program in the best suitable way. Example of Sears company very well help in finding out the hidden part behind the incentive program. However, the incentive program cannot alone predict the success for the organizations. Quality production with sheer potential work from employees is of utmost requirement for an organization. It is rather more important than the monetary benefits. However, to ensure quality work from employees is a challenging task, which cannot just happen with some smaller events. It is rather a gradual development of strategic plan, which help the organization in achieving the desired quality production (Fang, Gerhart and Ledford Jr 2013). The theory of expectancy suggests that employees need to be motivated when they perceive the necessity of the same (Aktar, Sachu and Ali 2012). However, employees have different trends elated to the intrinsic and the extrinsic benefits in organization. Some employees are there to whom intrinsic benefits are more important than the monetary benefits. Moreover, these are managerial post, which is focussed on project rather than on monetary benefits only. However, in case of employees, monetary benefits keep the utmost significance. Further, it is an undeniable fact that money can never guarantee of a quality production as cited in the example of Sears Company, which gave incentives to its employees not for the quality production but for the repairing cases they handled (Ojo 2012). Moreover, an unanalysed step produced an unexpected result for the Sears Company in California and New Jersey. Moreover, this indeed give a solid support in favour the fact that monetary benefits cannot alone guarantee of quality performance in organization. The theory of expectance does not find a strong foothold in modern era of industries. Nevertheless, monetary benefits are a significant tool to motivate employees for exploring their potential skills. However, this has several limitations as depicted in the examples of the Sears and the Google Company. Both the companies had to change their mode of operations related to the employees motivation. The theory of expectancy does produce a picture, which can be a part of organizational practices in order to bring some improved performance but a heavily reliance on this, is not advisable (Cerasoli, Nicklin and Ford 2014). Moreover, to ensure quality production, various other parameters are there that are more effective than the monetary benefits. Ensuring safety and security of employees, providing cooperative working environment and the management are some of the most effective ways that could improve the quality of production. Employees working in those countries, which are always at danger, are more susceptible to a conservative approach towards their work responsibilities (Linz and Semykina 2012). Moreover, they do not find a cooperative environment where they could actually justify their presence in the Company. The feeling of losing lives at any point in time has contributed in their less than potential performance in such countries. Countries such as Syria, Afghanistan, Taliban and many more have less number of foreign employees than the other parts of world. Countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, the Middle East Countries and many more have more offshore drives for jobs. This clearly gives a picture that the threat, which is underlying in countries such as Afghanistan, Syria, Taliban and many more, have caused as a retarding force to the offshore drives in the Country. Nevertheless, an employee participation in organization depend on various factors such as job satisfaction, coopera tive environment, good salary packages, cooperative management, financial and non-financial benefits and many more (Amah and Ahiauzu 2013). Moreover, this is not dependent on a single factor, which produces a strong supportive evidence in favour of the fact that monetary benefits cannot alone guarantee for a quality production. Monetary and other financial benefits given to employees are important as they add probability to the production of some notable performance in organizations. However, these benefits are less important than other benefits such as safe and secure working environment, cooperative work environment and the management. Moreover, safety is the first requirement, which comes into picture by the time when employees are incepted in organization. Further, a safe and secure environment constructs supportive perspectives of employees towards the organization. Moreover, this help in winning employees faith on the organization. Nevertheless, in association to this, the cooperative working environment and the management do produce an effective result in the organizational performance. Monetary and other financial benefits can never ensure the potential output from employees. On contrary to this, it can only produce some significant differences in the organizational performances. Further, relying he avily on the monetary benefits might also hamper the organizational performance as it is revealed from the example of the Sears and the Google Company. The Sears Company suffered a lot due to throwing incentives on large number of selling. It eventually produced not less than 34 cases of repairs across its various repairing shops in California and New Jersey. The removal of founder award with the executive award does produce the conservative approach of the Google Company towards the monetary and other financial rewards. Nevertheless, monetary and other financial rewards are the part of an organizational fundamentals but it has its own limitations, which can never be denied. Some part of recommendation is for the application of expectancy theory in the present organizational practices. Moreover, relying heavily on the monetary benefits is not advisable rather it needs to be a part of organizational fundamentals. It needs to be executed as per a proper plan to achieve the maximum result. Nevertheless, following the footsteps of the Sears Company, organizations can achieve better results with monetary benefits. Further, the inception of The Contingency Theory in the organization is best preferred for the fact that problems are acceptable but these are also manageable. Moreover, management need to analyse their performer who have contributed in the improved performance of the organization. Further, they need to maintain a balance in between all the team members. Employees should be rewarded based on their performance with various intrinsic and extrinsic benefits. However, unfair distribution of incentives should not be in the practice and to achieve this, a transparent management is of utmost requirement. Moreover, a transparent management would maintain balance behaviour in between the employees. Nevertheless, a careful observation of employees performance is of utmost importance to the present organizational fundamentals. References Aguinis, H., Joo, H. and Gottfredson, R.K., 2013. What monetary rewards can and cannot do: How to show employees the money.Business Horizons,56(2), pp.241-249. Agwu, M.O., 2013. Impact of fair reward system on employees? job performance in Nigerian Agip Oil Company Limited, Port Harcourt.British Journal of Education, Society and Behavioral Science,3(1), pp.47-64. Aktar, S., Sachu, M.K. and Ali, M.E., 2012. The impact of rewards on employee performance in commercial banks of Bangladesh: an empirical study.IOSR Journal of Business and Management,6(2), pp.9-15. Amah, E. and Ahiauzu, A., 2013. Employee involvement and organizational effectiveness.Journal of Management Development,32(7), pp.661-674. Byron, K. and Khazanchi, S., 2012. Rewards and creative performance: a meta-analytic test of theoretically derived hypotheses. Cerasoli, C.P., Nicklin, J.M. and Ford, M.T., 2014. Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic incentives jointly predict performance: A 40-year meta-analysis.Psychological bulletin,140(4), p.980. Chiang, F.F. and Birtch, T.A., 2012. The performance implications of financial and non?financial rewards: an Asian nordic comparison.Journal of Management Studies,49(3), pp.538-570. Cho, Y.J. and Perry, J.L., 2012. Intrinsic motivation and employee attitudes: Role of managerial trustworthiness, goal directedness, and extrinsic reward expectancy.Review of Public Personnel Administration,32(4), pp.382-406. Choi, S., Cheong, K. and Feinberg, R.A., 2012. Moderating effects of supervisor support, monetary rewards, and career paths on the relationship between job burnout and turnover intentions in the context of call centers.Managing Service Quality: An International Journal,22(5), pp.492-516. Datta, P., 2012. An applied organizational rewards distribution system.Management Decision,50(3), pp.479-501. Dobre, O.I., 2013. Employee motivation and organizational performance.Journal of Management and Socio-Economic, (1). Erbasi, A. and Arat, T., 2012. The effect of financial and non-financial incentives on job satisfaction: An examination of food chain premises in Turkey.International Business Research,5(10), p.136. Eslami, J. and Gharakhani, D., 2012. Organizational commitment and job satisfaction.ARPN Journal of Science and Technology,2(2), pp.85-91. Fang, M., Gerhart, B. and Ledford Jr, G.E., 2013. Negative effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation: more smoke than fire.World at work journal,22(2), pp.17-29. Linz, S.J. and Semykina, A., 2012. What makes workers happy? Anticipated rewards and job satisfaction.Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society,51(4), pp.811-844. Malik, M.A.R., Butt, A.N. and Choi, J.N., 2015. Rewards and employee creative performance: Moderating effects of creative self?efficacy, reward importance, and locus of control.Journal of Organizational Behavior,36(1), pp.59-74. Newman, A. and Sheikh, A.Z., 2012. Organizational rewards and employee commitment: a Chinese study.Journal of Managerial Psychology,27(1), pp.71-89. Ojo, O., 2012. Influence of organizational culture on employee work behavior.International Journal of Contemporary Business Studies,3(11), pp.46-57. Rajhans, K., 2012. Effective organizational communication: A key to employee motivation and performance.Interscience Management Review,2(2), pp.81-85. Young, G.J., Beckman, H. and Baker, E., 2012. Financial incentives, professional values and performance: A study of pay?for?performance in a professional organization.Journal of Organizational Behavior,33(7), pp.964-983.

XYZ Company

Introduction The effects of government policies on the functioning and a long-term plan of an enterprise are undisputable. The concept of free market economy is not devoid of a government mechanism that controls the operations from distance and in invisible ways. Government fiscal and monetary policies affect the operations of private organizations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on XYZ Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the one hand, government’s actions have a strong effect on a pricing policy, an expansion decision, and other operational decisions undertaken by a private enterprise (Agenor, Izquierdo Jensen, 2009). Policies related to antitrust laws, fiscal, and monetary policies affect private enterprises directly. On the other hand, policies related to environment, trade relations, and international policies affect private companies indirectly. The sportswear market is a dominant form, which h as to expand and embrace globalization in order to remain competitive in a highly monopolistic market. This paper discusses the fictitious sports apparel company XYZ and the effect that government policies have on its expansion plans and long term investment decisions. However, the paper will begin with a discussion of the development of an inelastic pricing policy. An Inelastic Pricing Policy: Rationale Inelastic pricing policy of a product is carried out in order to have inelastic demand for the product. The aim of the inelastic pricing is to have a profit maximizing sports apparel brand. Gaining profit-maximizing is traditionally defined as setting the range of prices, at which the marginal revenue of the product is zero. Profit maximizing will ensure inelastic prices for a corporation (McEacherm, 2011). For instance, the marginal cost of the brand and association of the brand with the sports celebrities will double the effect of the appeal of the product to the customers. This w ill ensure an inelastic demand for sports, because apparel is not bought simply for the sake of the product itself but for the association of the product with the game or the sports personality. Hence, the price that the consumers are willing to pay is not for the product but the association of marginal talent that is related to the product. Hence, the sports apparel brand has to associate itself with the top talents in the industry to ensure that their pricing can be inelastic, for the price is equated not with marginal cost for profit maximization, but with marginal talent of the sportsperson. Effect of Government Policies on Production and Employment The process of recovering from failure of capital projects is through regrouping. Apart of assembling, all the key people involved in the planning process have to be regrouped to assess the failures and loopholes in the planning process and do a proper diagnostic check. Usually what companies do is trying to reduce cost and losses by getting back on schedule at the earliest.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, this is a knee-jerking response to the problem, and in doing so, companies usually do not detect the real reason of failure. Therefore, the best option is to put in quality time to evaluate the issue and address it. Complete transparency in the operational process and the implementation process is necessary. Further accountability is also important. Maintaining a complete and thorough audit trial is essential for the companies to ensure proper documentation of the project process. In addition, as it has been mentioned above, the cessation of a company’s monopoly reduces unemployment rates considerably. By opening new opportunities or other enterprises within the target market, government will provide more people with the chances to get a job. Thus, the unemployment rates will plummet. Effect of Government Policies XYZ Company In a retrospect, the effects that government has had on the XYZ Company are rather impressive. To start with, it would be wrong to claim that governmental regulation of the company’s processes can be defined as solely negative. Quite on the contrary, it seems that the XYZ Company can reach equilibrium between the marginal revenue and marginal cost curves. More to the point, seeing how the XYZ Company is defined as a monopolistic one, as well as that the company operates within a monopolistic market, the introduction of governmental regulation allows for setting the prices for the company’s services that will be considerably higher than the aforementioned marginal cost, therefore, increasing the company’s profit. However, the effects that the governmental supervision has on the XYZ Company’s processes are rather diverse; particularly, the fact that the government will reduce the company’s control over market price should be mentioned. Once the XYZ Company is unable to earn higher profit and remain the monopolist for the provided services, it will have to address a number of issues, including the means to fight the competitors efficiently, come up with the new means of attracting target customers, search for resources and information faster than the rival companies, etc. The aforementioned operations will demand impressive amounts of money, which presupposes that the XYZ Company will have to cut on several costs, possibly including the inbound and outbound logistics (the choice of the resource transportation methods should be reconsidered), as well as the current methods of marketing.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on XYZ Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Is Government Regulation Needed for XYZ Company/Industry? The information provided above shows clearly that the XYZ Company does not actually need the interfe rence of the government into its organizational, financial and production processes; in fact, knowing quite little about the specifics of the company’s key mechanisms, as well as inside and outside factors that affect its operations, the government will most likely do more harm than it will improve the organization’s performance (Forrest Yip, 2011). This, therefore, begs the question whether the governmental regulation should actually be encouraged for SMEs in general and the XYZ Company in particular. Seeing how the intrusion of the government bodies into the course of the company has been quite negative so far, one might assume that the idea of allowing the governmental bodies interfere with the company’s policy are entirely negative. Indeed, the state authorities know little to nothing about the XYZ Company’s operational processes, marketing principles and organizational culture. Therefore, their effect on the company’s ability to earn supernor mal profit may be deplorable. In addition, it will be harder for the XYZ Company to remain monopolistic once the state authorities will take control over most of its processes. However, when considering the aforementioned changes closer, one will notice that the governmental influence allows the XYZ Company to gain better competitiveness. Fairness of Government Policy Government policies have a strong effect on stimulating market demand and expansion of the market for organizations, as well as production and employment in private sector. The evidence of the positive effect on public capital investment, infrastructure and other developmental work in the specified afield is evident – with an increase in public spending, there is an increase in resources as well as an increase in the productivity of the existing resources available to the private companies. For instance, a new highway joining the industrial belts allows trucks to transport goods faster. The reduction in the time taken by truck drivers to transport the products implies less damage to the trucks and greater productivity by means of reducing wage paid to the drivers by the producers. Hence, government spending on construction of a highway has a positive externality on the total cost of production of the private companies. Further, government spending on education, sewers, hospitalization, etc. helps in creating a more educated and healthy workforce that helps private companies to increase employment. In other words, public spending helps increase the employability of the working age population (OECD, 2012). Major Reasons for Government Involvement in a Market Economy The agency theory has tried to explain the issues between the divergent interests of management and shareholders. The issues may be solved by usage of the firm’s strategic behavior, finding a convergence between management structure and shareholder contract, and signing a new shareholder and manager contract. Some areas of friction between shareholders and managers are entry-exit barriers, organizational inertia, and an inefficient organization structure (McGuigan, Moyer, Harris, 2014).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the agency theory, one of the most prevalent methods of conversing the interests is through ESOPs (employee stock options). Stock options given to employees introduce managers to the rank of shareholders, and, hence, help managers maximize shareholders’ wealth. Another method presupposes the enforcement of a bonding mechanism in the company. Thus, managers are responsible for the bonds and are accountable for them. In both the cases, the aim is to enhance the degree of dependability between managers and shareholders. These methods will ensure greater reliability and understanding between the managers and the shareholders, whose interests will become linear, and, hence, will fetch greater profitability for the XYZ Company. Further, the convergence of interest theory suggests that the firm’s valuation will increase once the company will be guided by the government (Peng, 2009). Convergence between the Interests of Stockholders and Managers The overall study shows that the presence of government control and a panoptic system to monitor capitalist market economy is essential in order to work as a cushion that facilitates the working and/or recovery of the firm. Moreover, it also works as a monitoring agency that ensures ethical conduct. Government intervention has been found to be profitable to companies entering the global market. Inelastic pricing policy may be adopted by maximizing profit, but in case of sports goods brands, maximizing talents is necessary. Government intervention is essential for the functioning of the economy, for an open credit environment will delve the economy in an unprecedented recession. Further, the essay presents that inefficient planning is to be blamed for failure of capital projects. The only method to elevate the problem of management and shareholder conflict of interest is through establishing managerial shareholding through employee share ownership. Conclusion Capital projects essentially mean expansion by acqui ring a large sum of money or capital for long-term growth. Capital project usually run the risk of failure due to the primary cause of cost overrun. One of the causes of cost overrun is insufficient planning at the initial stage of the project implementation. Further inadequate and poor project controls can also cause problems in capital projects. Other issues may include delays in payment, an ineffective decision-making process, the lack of control over the processes, unavailability of skilled labor, etc. Usually, capital projects are not caused by a single problem, but rather are triggered by a blend of two or more issues. Many projects end up badly because they were unable to begin at the right pace. Further, unregistered, or defined cost resulted in company’s deviating from the schedule of the project. A poor calculation of the project budget and an untimely delivery of the results, as well as missing the deadlines, are the primary causes of project failures (Venkataraman Pinto, 2011). Reference List Agenor, P.-R., Izquierdo, A. Jensen, H. P. (2009). Adjustment policies, poverty, and unemployment. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Forrest, R. Yip, N. M. (2011). Housing markets and the global financial crisis: The uneven impact on households. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing McEacherm, W. A. (2011). Economics: A contemporary introduction. Stanford, CT: Cengage Learning. McGuigan, J. R., Moyer, R. C., Harris, F. H. deB. (2014). Managerial economics: applications, strategies and tactics (13th Ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. OECD (2012). OECD economic surveys: Slovak Republic 2012. Geneva, Switzerland: OECD Publishing. Peng, M. (2009). Global business 2009 update. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. Venkataraman, R. R. Pinto, J. K. (2011). Cost and value management in projects. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. This essay on XYZ Company was written and submitted by user MotherAskani to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. XYZ Company

In the summer of 1975 world-renowned director Steven Spielberg produced a film so frightening Essay Example

In the summer of 1975 world In the summer of 1975 world-renowned director Steven Spielberg produced a film so frightening Essay In the summer of 1975 world-renowned director Steven Spielberg produced a film so frightening Essay Essay Topic: Dracula Jaws In the summer of 1975 world-renowned director Steven Spielberg produced a film so frightening that still today 30 years after the film was first previewed, the infamous theme tune brings Goosebumps to viewers all over the planet. This now legendary movie tapped into the most primal of human fears, the fear of what lurks below the dark surface of water. Jaws now known as the mother of all summer blockbusters uses many iconic images to create tension, in this essay I shall analyse the first four scenes of the movie paying careful attention to imagery, pace of tension and iconic references In the very first scene, Spielberg uses a black background. This mise-en -scene is used to target the fear, within humans of being unable to se your attacker. To connote further Spielberg could have used the black mise-en-scene to hint at the weakness of the viewer in that situation, alone in the dark and vulnerability. Diegetic noises can be heard, the sound of bubbles and swift water movement. Spielberg used this to add tension; he used the sea noises to remind the viewer of the fact they are in danger. The sea in inhabitable for humans and so whatever is in the water is not humanly natural; this plants an enigma into the audiences minds. What kind of monster swims in the pitch black? Spielberg uses a swimming motion with the camera; this gives the audience the impression of searching. The camera manages to move fast but with a certain amount of grace, this is an example of intertextuality as this kind of camera movement known as sweeping was used in earlier horror movies such as count Dracula and Frankenstein Spielberg uses iconography to show that whatever is swimming is just as frighteningly in control as the vampires and monsters from the earlier films. The music starts with a low violin sweeping, until gradually other instruments get involved. Here Spielberg is using the music to increase the tension. As the music speeds up it mimics a heart beat pumping faster and faster, as if running or in fear of something. However the music leads you to an anticlimax and it becomes deathly quiet and calm In the second scene a harmonica can be heard. The camera begins to pann the view of the beach it stops at a long shot then zooms in gradually you are lead into a beach side party. People are drinking and smoking around a bonfire. Here Spielberg twists the stereotype of fire within horror films. Instead of the fire being scary, out of control and dangerous Spielberg makes it look safe and relaxing. By having the people drinking and smoking Spielberg is adding irony; this is because as a viewer we are aware that no good comes out of teenage drinking within horror movies. The camera uses a mid-shot whilst it searches amongst the people trying to find its victim. This echos the first footage of the monster The victim turns out to be a young blonde teenage girl, quintessentially a must in any horror film. The camera shot is then changes to a close-up of the young couple running across a sand dune into the darkness of the night. The camera seems to follow or even stalk the victims as they descend further and further away from the light of fire and the safety of number. A mid-shot of the male stumbling drunkenly across the dunes calling to the female asking her where they are going is used to enhance the isolation of them. The young girl replies to his query with a high-pitched swimming The fact she has stressed this word reminds the audience of their prior knowledge of something evil in the waters. By this point tension is beginning to mount. The young blonde dives into the water naked. I can connote two facts that are relevant with this scene. Number one is that the girls dive is perfect showing the audience that however dumb and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve the picture has painted her, she is skilled in water an able swimmer. The second is the fact that the female is naked, this not only used to add vulnerability but to also add tension. The view from underneath the girl is a low angle long shot, the fact she is alone is mimicked by the starless sky and darkness of the night. As the motif begins to play, you know something terrible is about to happen. There is a close up on the girls face; Suddenly the girl is pulled underwater screaming and crying. The film then cuts to the male who ironically is sleeping peacefully on the safety of dry land; the first light of dawn is beginning to break in the background birds can faintly be heard The young woman is eventually dragged underwater. The shot is a mid-shot of the dark sea looking calm and still. Diegetic noises can be heard. Here Spielberg is using irony once more, as only the viewers really know what has just gone on beneath those deathly still waters. At this point the audience are still left with the enigma of what the monster is. By scene three first light has broken through the clouds. It is now daytime. There is a close-up of a males face peering out of his window onto the ironically still seas. Soft lighting is used on the womans face this makes her look soft and pretty, the home is bright and airy. A child runs into the kitchen claiming to have been bitten by a vampire Here once again dramatic irony comes into play as only the viewer know about the vampire like movements of the monster in the first few scenes of the movie. A phone is heard ringing in the background, the husband rushes to pick up one of the two phones that are fitted upon the wall. Unfortunately he picks up the wrong phone and the line is dead, by using the stereotypical Horror movie hoax call Spielberg is referring to iconic movies such as psycho. The man picks up the other phone and proceeds in having a conversation with the person on the other line; this leaves the audience with a mystery. Who was the husband talking to? The husband then stands up and sets off to work. In the background one or the children is heard asking to go swimming, this mimics the high-pitched innocence of the young girls voice and reminds the viewer of the nature of the film. As the Husband drives away from his idyllic home, his wife is heard telling him to be careful. He then drives off at a safe speed. Of course by this point as a viewer you are aware that something is going to happen to ruin this perfect family. Scene four begins with non-Diegetic noise a radio can be heard playing but no radio is within view at this point. There is a long shot of a billboard that ironically features a blonde haired girl who is strikingly similar to the young girl that has just been killed. This is Spielberg once again using dramatic irony as only the audience know about the death of the young girl. Suddenly the car stops, and a mad come into mid-shot crying and blowing his whistle. The mise-en-scene is that of a rough ocean possibly signifying turmoil below the waters. The camera shot then changes to that of a close up. Gulls and other sea side Diegetic noises can be heard, the view is that of a mutilated hand. The fact Spielberg does not show more of the mutilated body gives the Audience an enigma. The men struggled to hold down vomit, the man who originally found The body has saliva dribbling down his face showing pure shock horror. All in all I believe Spielberg used many useful iconic images to help him create the ultimate summer horror film of all time. But at the same time created many iconic images of his own, Such as the eerie jaws jaws motif. People from all ages can hear the tune and feel Goosebumps surging from there skin as the horror sets in.

Aspects of Policing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Aspects of Policing - Research Paper Example Democracy and Disorder Beginning in the civil war era, our nation experienced one of the most deadly riots on American shores known as the "anti-draft riots," which rocked New York City shortly after the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863. While the estimates vary, most historians agree that about 100 soldiers and civilians, many of whom were African Americans who were targeted as the reason Lincoln was fighting the war in the first place, were killed. Federal soldiers had to be diverted from around Washington D.C. to quell the outrage (Encyclopedia of War & American Society, 2005). The rise of organized labor near the turn of the century meant that organized police forces were even more important than ever. Several state police forces had their beginnings and endings related to the use of police as strike breakers in factories and on railroad holdings. This had the adverse effect of developing resentment by legislatures in various parts of the country towards police who had been used to e nforce the power of management over unions (Johnson, 2003). During World War II, young Hispanic men whose attire was unique, fought with soldiers and sailors home on leave during the so-called "zoot suit" riots in Los Angeles, California. Servicemen who were dating the Hispanic women of Los Angeles were involved in numerous brawls with Hispanic men over the rights to courtship. The police were often accused of enforcement that was prejudicial to the Hispanic men (Wilson & Taub, 2006). The 1960s brought the "Civil Rights Movement" into American consciousness, and was anything but boring for law enforcement. Protest marches, sit-ins, and demonstrations, particularly in the South, brought National Guard troops out as well as police dogs and horses to attack passive, mostly Black Americans expressing their constitutional rights. As free speech was taken to another level at Berkeley in 1964, America watched as students crusaded while yelling four letter words (Stevens, 2002). Television and the media were beginning to play a role in the American psyche of social unrest. Images of the Harlem riot of 1964 were brought to us by virtue of television (Johnson, 2003). The images of New York cops ducking and dodging the rocks and heavy masonry being dropped on them from skyscrapers and firing their side-arms at the roofs on occasion were brought into American living rooms. Less than a year later, in August 1965, two brothers would fight with California Highway Patrol during an arrest, and the Los Angeles Police Department would get the blame for starting the Watts Riot (Johnson, 2003). Innumerable buildings shooting flames into the night sky and looters carrying televisions and appliances away from shattered businesses would be occurrences that the American public would see again and again (Johnson, 2003). Riots seemed to engulf the nation in 1967 and 1968, especially in the wake of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King. By the late 1960s through the early 1970s, co untless protests over the Vietnam War dragged on and inflamed groups large and small (Johnson, 2003). Then on May 4th, 1970, four university students would be slain by a volley of fire from the Ohio National Guard. The effect of Kent State was considered by many media analysts as one of the most unnecessary and yet most momentous events leading up to the popular disavowal of the war in public opinion polls (Kelner and Munves,

Difficulties of Transitioning from Traditional Policing to Community Article

Difficulties of Transitioning from Traditional Policing to Community Policing - Article Example The journal introduces the argument indicating that community policing requires that the police officers have autonomy and discretion in solving community problems as well as forming of partnerships with various agencies. The article begins by posing the greatest challenge in community policing by saying that it is due to the failure to include it in the organization’s mission and vision, organizational structure as well as its goals. This failure that is not recognized by the management has made it difficult to transition. The article also presents a situation where the police do not understand clearly the notion of community policing. This makes it difficult for them to relate it to their role. It further illustrates that the police give a mimic of what they think is community policing. It presents a planning and coordination challenge that faces community policing. It says that in order for community policing to be implemented, a departmental head should plan change well an d carefully construct it. There is also poor coordination of community police officers and the local representatives of the community. Glacomazzi (2012) describes another challenge as the resistance to community policing by the police officers and also having difficulty in public agencies involvement as well as the community. It also says that the average citizen has little knowledge on what community policing entails Benefits of practicing community policing has also been highlighted in the article as reducing fear of crime among others. The major argument that the writer presents in this article is that community policing has been hindered by lack of police in  supporting change by way of the structure in which their organizations are arranged. The notion of community policing has not been implemented by the management due to poor planning and coordination in the police.  Ã‚  

Spiritual Journeys: Dante And St Augustine

Spiritual Journeys: Dante And St Augustine The individual spiritual journeys of Dante in the Divine Comedy and St. Augustine in the Confessions are quite similar, as each man searches for divine love and grace, and true eternal closeness to God. Both Dante and St. Augustine admired and were heavily influenced by Virgil, the classical Roman poet of the Aeneid, in their writing and works; however, because of their strong Christian faith, Dante and Augustine also make it clear in their autobiographical accounts that Virgils pagan beliefs cannot receive salvation, or allow the soul to enter heaven after death. Dantes journey begins with the poet being portrayed as spiritually lost in sin, in the darkness of woods, when a guide is sent to him in the form of the ancient Roman poet Virgil, who represents human reason and wisdom. Virgil tells Dante that the only way out of the darkness is for Virgil to lead him through Hell and Purgatory, in order for Dante to recognize the nature of sin and the consequences of his actions. Once Virgil has guided Dante to the top of Mount Purgatory, where the renunciation and rejection of sin occurs, Virgil tells the Pilgrim that he can no longer accompany him on his final journey to Heaven, because human reason cannot reach the ultimate height of Paradise. Dante is lead instead to Heaven by his beloved Beatrice, who is now living as one of the blessed in the afterlife, and who also symbolizes divine love. Much like Dante, St. Augustines journey also begins with his confessions as being spiritually lost, especially in his earlier years as a sinful youth, turning away from God, and preoccupied with only worldly desires and needs of the flesh. St. Augustine implores in Book VI of his Confessions, Thou hadst made me wiser, yet did I walk in darkness, and in slippery places, and sought Thee abroad out of myself, found not the God of my heart; and had come into the depths of the sea, and distrusted and despaired of ever finding truth (Augustine 94). Here St. Augustine talks about the darkness he walked in during his early life, very similar to Dantes struggle and despair in his own dark woods of sin, where Virgil finds him in the beginning of the Inferno. St. Augustine describes his spiritual void and emptiness further, stating, And I perceived myself to be far off from Thee [God], in the region of unlikeness (134). In this declaration, St. Augustine is associating his many sins with a regi on of unlikeness, which causes him to wander aimlessly without direction or purpose, becoming hopelessly lost. Whereas Dantes descent into Hell in the Inferno is both dramatically real and an allegorical representation of his souls journey towards God, St. Augustines Confessions represents a metaphorical rather than physical journey of the soul, as Augustine searches for divine truth and grace. However, both men view this spiritual descent as necessary in order for the human soul to attain ultimate closeness to God. An example of this is expressed by St. Augustine in Book IV of his Confessions, when he states, Even now, after the descent of Life to you, will ye not ascend and live? But whither ascend ye, when ye are on high, and set your mouth against the heavens? Descend, that ye may ascend, and ascend to God. For ye have fallen, by ascending against Him (64). Furthermore, according to John Freccero, author of Dante: The Poetics of Conversion, In the spiritual life, one must descend in humility before one can begin the ascent to truth, and in the physical world, according to both Dante and A ristotle, one must travel downward with respect to our hemisphere in order to rise (74). This spiritual belief of descending in humility before one can rise again is clearly echoed by both Dante and St. Augustine in their poetic works regarding Christian faith. Virgil, the pagan Roman poet of the Aeneid, also plays an important role in the autobiographical accounts of Dante and St. Augustine as well. Dante uses Virgil as his guide to illustrate Virgils supreme human reason and intellect during his journey, as well as emphasizing Dantes heartfelt admiration for the classical Roman poet. However, to demonstrate and make clear his devout and strict Christian beliefs, Dante places Virgil in Limbo, the first circle of Hell, along with other virtuous pagan Roman poets of the past. Dantes placement of Virgil and the other non-Christians is essential, since they can never be allowed to enter Paradise because of their pagan beliefs. Virgil himself understands this divine judgment delivered by God, when he states to the poet Sordello in Canto VII, I am deprived of Heaven for no fault other than my lack of faith (Alighieri et al. 56). Dante shows that despite Virgils moral perfection, he was without faith, and human reason alone can never reach Heaven . St. Augustine also admired the Roman poet Virgil during his early life, and being a successful teacher of rhetoric, Augustine understood very well a life led by reason. However, he, like Dante, discovers that reason alone is not enough to gain salvation from God, and as a result, was spiritually lost, tormented by temptation and sin. Thus, St. Augustine too realizes it is only when one has true faith in God that eternal salvation can be achieved. As Olson reminds us, Augustine testifies to how reason puts man on the road toward God, and how it is [only] faith that informs and elevates reason, taking it beyond its natural limitations while never being tyrannical or confining in any way. [St. Augustine] summarized this seemingly paradoxical fact in the famous dictum, I believe, in order to understand; and I understand, the better to believe (Augustines Confessions). History of Portraiture: Changes in Styles and Techniques History of Portraiture: Changes in Styles and Techniques The immemorial fascination of mans own image and of those of his fellow human beings arose a desire in men to attempt and embellish his likeliness into a physical medium. However at the time portrait was exclusive to those who wished to celebrate mans relationship with God and the divine rulers of the times, which makes the Renaissance a revolutionary era for portraiture and the development or artist techniques. The common subjects of royalty and wealth were joined together with the trivial and oppressed, giving artists around the world more latitude to delve into painting intricate and thought-provoking portraits to be cherished for centuries. Deciding to undertake the task of compiling the substantial triumphs for portraiture styles and methods over time, I plan to introduce it in the span of six notable art movements and cover the most significant artist of the time. The theme portraiture hold a special place in my heart, its enigmatic and flexible principles give the artist the u pmost freedom to depict people in a way that suits them. Its a theme that lasted through the test of time, becoming more and more popular as the centuries turn. Jan Van Eyck was a powerful visionary in 15th century with his command of linear perspective and capticating interiors that bathed in golden lights, his art sank into oblivion until the 1930s. Expressing a new awareness of reality through the use of oil paint, he crafted remarkable paintings and portraits that had remarkable attention to detail, observation of nature and light, and constructing spaces steeped in elegant interior which inhabited realistic characters. His careful positioning, golden lights and expert command of the technique of oil painting made him one of the most significant representative of the Renaissance art movement. His style and technique was a step up from the less realistic depiction of human forms by the then pre-Renaissance artists Giotto di Bondone and Cimabue. As the 17th century approached, the subject for painters was changing as the patrons no longer served an essential role in the choice of subjects and composition. Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio painted people who were then counted as trivial: peasants appeared alongside sovereigns and saints, crafting a new approach to portraiture for his time. At the beginning of his artistic career he broke through with his loose interpretations of traditional subjects, painting the first still life in the history of art as a subject in itself and knowingly portrayed saints as everyday people. The conventions of his time didnt worry him, nor did the already established art guidelines. He did not make primary sketches but place the paint straight to the canvas, using the foundation coats as an artistic element.   The early works of the artist revealed his love of poetic naturalism that was inspired by his everyday life. Caravaggios approach to chiaroscuro (the artistic play of light and shadow) was a clear departure from the art conventions of Mannerism. These conventions found their way into the most significant Baroque and Rococo artists. In the 18th century, a new freedom became apparent with the French painters as they began portraying a carefree and libertine behavior of society consistently in their artwork. The most noteworthy artist of the time was the Rococo painter Franà §ois Boucher. He was highly adept in many forms of media as he switched traditional bright oil paints to forms of decorative art. Adopting a high tone palette that favoured blues and pinks, he set a definite foundation for most paintings of dream-like quality. His paintings of beautiful women in rich silk clothing endorsed scenes of erotic and passionate love. Oil and gouache sketches were common in preparation for his bigger commissions as his careful attention to finer background detail made the scene more poignant and alive, filling it with character and passion. The dream like qualities of his prominent artwork carried on into the triumph or Romanticism. The spirituality and the influences from the previous eras stimulated the imagination of artists around the world. The art historian and theoretician of colour, Eugà ¨ne Delacroix was and still is the acknowledged master of Romanticism and one of the last great decorative painters. His passion for colours and the depiction of lively composition is reflected in his canvas won the admiration of the public. Everything is the subject; the subject is yourself: our impressions, your emotions when faced with nature. he professed. His skill in the thick impasto unified well with his choice of colours, giving his paintings the form of a sketch. The innovative take on colour, the earthy shades and the use of rich varnishes changed the way most artists composed their portraits and subject matters, crafting their styles to match Delacroixs. The analytical approach to colour is recognised in almost all realism, impressionism and art nouveu paintings that dominated the early 20th century. The creations of Vincent Van Gogh, albeit spanning over a short period of ten years, contained distinguishing marks of his life and the tourment he endoured as well as the places he lived in. The canvases beared his trademark frantic colours and figures in the form of various self-portraits, landscapes and scenes from ordinary day to day life. His impact on art gave colour a new meaning in the works of artists and put forth a new style in which the painter can place his brush on the canvas. A new approach to light and colour enabled him to go beyond both Impressionism and Neo-Impressionism, enabling his style in his self-portraits to experience a change that brough critisim upon him at the time. The intense expressiveness, accompanied by a turmoil of brush strokes produced a new wave of artists stimulated to create more illusive and stylised paintings to continue the tradition of expressive portraiture.

Kines Final Review

What are the 3 functions of the Menisci? 10. Which menisci Is shaped Like an â€Å"O† and which one Is shaped Like a â€Å"C†? 11. What are the 3 different zones of the menisci and what is the difference between each of these zones? 12. What are the two Excruciate ligaments? 13. Where does the PC attach on the femur? Where does the PC attach on the Tibia? 14. Where does the CAL attach on the femur? Where does the CAL attach on the tibia? 15. During non-weight bearing, what does the CAL prevent? During weight bearing, what does the CAL prevent? 16. During non-wealth bearing, what does the PC revert?During weight bearing. What does the PC prevent? 17. What force does the MAC prevent? What force does the LLC prevent? 18. Which muscles are our main hip fellers? 19. What does it mean for a muscle to be a 2-Joint muscle? 20. What are the names of our four quad muscles? Which ones affect both the hip and the knee? 21 . What are the names of the 3 hamstring muscles? 22. How do we manage or treat a quadriceps contusion? 23. For a hip dislocation, the leg will be In a position. 24. How do we manage a femur fracture? 25. Why are females more prone to CAL tears? 6.What is another name for a PC sprain? And 27. What are the common signs and symptoms of a maniacal lesion? 28. What is the difference between Osgood-Clatterers and Larsen-Johansson Disease? 29. What Is Patella Altar? What Is Patella Baja? 30. What are other names for Gene Vulgar and Gene Vary? Chapter 19- The Ankle and Lower Leg 1 . What are the four bones that make up the ankle? Ligaments are on the medial side of the ankle? 4. What are the names of the tarsal bones? 5. What are the four compartments of the lower leg and what muscles are in each compartment? 6.What two motions make up the actions probation and suppuration of the ankle? 7. Describe what pees caves and pees planks are. 8. What are the two phases of the gait cycle and what motions make up these two phases? 9. What is a more common nam e for hall values? 10. How do we manage hall values? 11. What Joints are involved in a Hammer Toe? 12. What Joints are involved in Mallet toe? 13. What Joints are involved in claw toe? 14. What is the etiology for turf toe? 15. How do we manage or treat an ingrown toenail? 16. What are the three different types of compartment syndrome? 7. What type of ankle sprain is the most common? 18. What are the signs and symptoms of an Achilles Tendon Rupture? 19. What is a more common name for Medial Tibia Stress Syndrome? 20. Define a Jones Fracture. Chapters 20-24 and 26-27- General Medical Conditions 1 . What is another name for syncope? 2. What are some signs and symptoms of syncope? 3. What is another name for Sudden Cardiac Death? 4. What are some red flags for Sudden Cardiac Death? 5. What is Commotion Cord's and how does it occur? 6. Compare and Contrast a Generalized Seizure and a Partial or Focal Seizure. 7.How do we manage or treat seizures? . What are some things that can trigger an Asthma Attack? 9. What are signs and symptoms of Asthma? 10. Compare and Contrast Type I and Type II Diabetes Mellitus. 11. What are some signs and symptoms of Diabetes? 12. What is Hyperglycemia? What are some signs and symptoms? 13. What is Hypoglycemia? What are some signs and symptoms? 14. What is the difference between food poisoning and the Flu? 15. What is normal body temperature? What is a low-grade fever? What is a high-grade fever? 16. What is the difference between a bacterial infection and a viral infection? 7. What is mononucleosis? How do we get it? 18. What are the signs and symptoms of Mononucleosis? 19. What is Seer's Sign? 20. What does OSHA stand for? 21 . What are some of our personal precautions for bloodstone pathogens? 22. What are two different types of Menstrual Irregularities? 23. What is the female athlete triad? 1 . What is triangulation? 2. What gland controls triangulation? 3. What are the five different types of heat exchange or production? 4. When should we begin hydrating for activities? 5. How do we check hydration levels? 6. What are the recommendations for hydration? 7.What are common signs and symptoms of dehydration? 8. How do we manage dehydration? 9. Why do we need to replace our fluid and electrolytes? 10. What is acclimatization? 1 1 . Who are more susceptible to heat illnesses? 12. What is hyperthermia? What is hypothermia? 13. What is heat rash? 14. What is heat syncope? 15. What causes exertion heat cramps? 16. What are common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion? How do we treat it? 17. What are common signs and symptoms of heat stroke? How do we treat it? 18. What is exertion hypothermia? 19. What is frost nip? 20. What are signs and symptoms of frostbite? . How do we treat cold injuries? 22. What do we do if there is lightning? 23. What is the flash to bang theory? Chapter 29- Dermatology 1 . What three things can cause skin infections? 2. What four things does the skin do for us? 3. What are signs and sympto ms of bacterial infections? 4. What is follicles? 5. What is MRS.? What are the dangers of not treating MRS.? 6. How do we manage bacterial infections? 7. How do we prevent fungal infections? 8. What is tinge piped? 9. What is tinge capitals? 10. What causes fungal infections and how do we treat fungal infections?